12. Phenoxyethanol
Phenoxyethanol is typically used to prevent spoilage and extend shelf lives. Due to the growing unpopularity of parabens (#7 on our list), many manufacturers have began substituting with the lesser-known phenoxyethanol.
Minor topical reactions (such as rashes and hives) have been noted in clinical studies. More worryingly, in 2008, FDA released a statement cautioning mothers to stop using a nipple cream that contained phenoxyethanol (as well as chlorphenesin) because of potential respiratory issues, central nervous concerns, vomiting, and diarrhea in infants.
Common Names for Phenoxyethanol
As with most chemicals, phenoxyethanol may be referred to in various ways:
- Phenyl cellosolve
- ethylene glycol monophenyl ether
- PhE
- Dowanol EP
- Phenoxetol
- rose ether
- phenoxyethyl alcohol
- beta-hydroxyethyl phenyl ether
13. Perfluorochemicals (PFCs)
Perfluorochemicals are a group of chemicals used to make products resistant to stains, water, and grease. They are found in non-stick cookware, waterproof clothing, and stain-resistant fabrics, including some baby clothing and bedding. Studies have linked PFC exposure to developmental problems, liver damage, and immune system dysfunction. They are also considered endocrine disruptors.
How to Avoid PFCs:
Choose products labeled as PFC-free or look for alternatives made from natural materials. Be cautious of items labeled as water, stain, or grease-resistant, as they may contain PFCs.
14. Nonylphenol Ethoxylates (NPEs)
Nonylphenol ethoxylates are surfactants found in some cleaning products and detergents. They have been shown to be endocrine disruptors, potentially affecting hormonal balance and reproductive development. NPEs are also harmful to aquatic life when they enter the water supply.
How to Avoid NPEs:
Opt for eco-friendly cleaning products that do not contain NPEs. Look for products with labels that specifically mention being NPE-free.
15. Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA)
Butylated hydroxyanisole is a synthetic antioxidant used as a preservative in food and personal care products. The National Toxicology Program has classified BHA as "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen,” and long-term exposure to BHA has been linked to liver, thyroid, and kidney problems.
How to Avoid BHA:
Check ingredient lists for BHA and avoid products that contain it. Choose products with natural antioxidants like vitamin E and rosemary extract as alternatives.
16. Chlorine
Chlorine is a common disinfectant used in cleaning products, swimming pools, and tap water. It can cause respiratory and skin irritation, and has been linked to the formation of harmful byproducts like trihalomethanes (THMs), which are carcinogenic.
How to Avoid Chlorine:
Opt for chlorine-free cleaning products and water filters that remove chlorine from tap water. If you have a swimming pool, consider alternative sanitizing methods like saltwater or UV systems.
17. DMDM Hydantoin
DMDM hydantoin is a preservative used in personal care products, including baby shampoos and lotions. It releases small amounts of formaldehyde, which can cause skin irritation, allergies, and is a known carcinogen.
How to Avoid DMDM Hydantoin:
Check ingredient labels for DMDM hydantoin and choose products that do not contain it. Look for alternatives with natural preservatives, like those derived from plants.
18. Bronopol
Bronopol is a preservative used in personal care products, including baby wipes and shampoos. It has been linked to skin irritation and allergies, and can break down into formaldehyde and nitrosamines, which are both carcinogenic.
How to Avoid Bronopol:
Choose products that do not contain bronopol and opt for those with natural preservatives instead. Look for baby products labeled as "preservative-free" or containing plant-based preservatives.
19. Padimate-O
Padimate-O is a chemical found in some sunscreens that absorbs UVB radiation. However, it has been shown to produce free radicals that can damage DNA and has been linked to an increased risk of skin cancer.
How to Avoid Padimate-O:
Choose sunscreens that use mineral-based active ingredients, such as zinc oxide or titanium dioxide, instead of chemical filters like Padimate-O. Check the ingredient list on sunscreen labels before purchasing.
20. 1,4-Dioxane
1,4-Dioxane is a synthetic industrial chemical used as a solvent and is also a byproduct of some manufacturing processes for personal care products, including baby shampoos and body washes. It has been classified as a probable human carcinogen by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and is also known to harm the environment.